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Dual Citizenship

Discover the world of dual citizenship with CitizenX

About dual citizenship

What is dual citizenship?

Dual citizenship, or multiple citizenship, is when a single person is legally recognized as a citizen of two or more countries at the same time.Not all countries allow their citizens to hold dual citizenship.

Benefits of dual citizenship

Security

A second passport from a stable country can be a lifesaver during political, economic, or social turmoil in one's home country.

Security

A second passport from a stable country can be a lifesaver during political, economic, or social turmoil in one's home country.

Security

A second passport from a stable country can be a lifesaver during political, economic, or social turmoil in one's home country.

Global Mobility

Many passports limit visa-free travel, requiring visas for international trips. A second passport can enhance global mobility for citizens from such countries.

Global Mobility

Many passports limit visa-free travel, requiring visas for international trips. A second passport can enhance global mobility for citizens from such countries.

Global Mobility

Many passports limit visa-free travel, requiring visas for international trips. A second passport can enhance global mobility for citizens from such countries.

Business

Dual citizenship allows individuals to pursue business opportunities in the host country and travel more freely abroad.

Business

Dual citizenship allows individuals to pursue business opportunities in the host country and travel more freely abroad.

Business

Dual citizenship allows individuals to pursue business opportunities in the host country and travel more freely abroad.

Tax Optimization

Dual citizenship can benefit tax optimization, as some countries tax only local income and exempt capital gains, allowing for more efficient wealth management.

Tax Optimization

Dual citizenship can benefit tax optimization, as some countries tax only local income and exempt capital gains, allowing for more efficient wealth management.

Tax Optimization

Dual citizenship can benefit tax optimization, as some countries tax only local income and exempt capital gains, allowing for more efficient wealth management.

How to get dual citizenship

By naturalization

Most countries have citizenship by naturalization laws that allow you to become a citizen after spending enough time living there.

By naturalization

Most countries have citizenship by naturalization laws that allow you to become a citizen after spending enough time living there.

By naturalization

Most countries have citizenship by naturalization laws that allow you to become a citizen after spending enough time living there.

By marriage

Some countries offer a fast-track route to naturalization to individuals who marry their citizens.

By marriage

Some countries offer a fast-track route to naturalization to individuals who marry their citizens.

By marriage

Some countries offer a fast-track route to naturalization to individuals who marry their citizens.

By birth

Countries with "jus solis" citizenship law grant citizenship to those born in their land – no matter the nationality of their parents.

By birth

Countries with "jus solis" citizenship law grant citizenship to those born in their land – no matter the nationality of their parents.

By birth

Countries with "jus solis" citizenship law grant citizenship to those born in their land – no matter the nationality of their parents.

By investment

Economic citizenship programs allow people to quickly acquire new citizenship by making a significant contribution to the host country.

By investment

Economic citizenship programs allow people to quickly acquire new citizenship by making a significant contribution to the host country.

By investment

Economic citizenship programs allow people to quickly acquire new citizenship by making a significant contribution to the host country.

Which countries allow dual citizenship?

Country

Dual citizenship

Conditions and exceptions

Afghanistan

❌

A former citizen of Afghanistan, who fled the country due to political instability or war and has acquired new citizenship, may still hold “unofficial” Afghan citizenship

Albania

✅

Algeria

✅

American Samoa

✅

American Samoa follows U.S. guidelines for dual citizenship.

Andorra

✅

Spain recognizes dual nationality with Andorra.

Angola

✅

Antigua and Barbuda

✅

Argentina

✅

Armenia

✅

Australia

✅

Austria

✅

Dual citizenship is allowed for individuals who gain two nationalities at birth. Dual citizenship is also allowed if it is in the interest of Austria.

Azerbaijan

❌

Bahamas

✅

Dual citizenship allowed until 18 years of age.

Bahrain

❌

Bangladesh

✅

Bangladeshi citizens and their children who have foreign citizenship must apply for a Dual Nationality Certificate.

Barbados

✅

Belarus

❌

Belgium

✅

Belize

✅

Benin

✅

Buthan

❌

Bolivia

✅

Bosnia & Herzegovina

✅

Provided there is a bilateral agreement between the two states.

Botswana

✅

Dual citizenship allowed until 21 years of age.

Brazil

✅

Brunei Darussalam

✅

Dual citizenship allowed until 18 years of age.

Bulgaria

✅

Burkina Faso

✅

Burundi

✅

Cambodia

✅

Cameroon

✅

Dual citizenship allowed until 21 years of age.

Canada

✅

Cape Verde

✅

Central African Republic

✅

Chad

N/A

Chile

✅

China

❌

Colombia

✅

Comoros

✅

Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kinshasa)

✅

Dual citizenship allowed until 21 years of age.

Democratic Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville)

✅

Costa Rica

✅

Ivory Coast

✅

Croatia

✅

Cuba

❌

Cyprus

✅

Czech Republic

✅

Denmark

✅

Djibouti

✅

Dominica

✅

Dominican Republic

✅

East Timor

✅

Ecuador

✅

Egypt

✅

El Salvador

✅

Equatorial Guinea

✅

Eritrea

❌

Estonia

❌

Eswatini

❌

Ethiopia

❌

Fiji

✅

Finland

✅

France

✅

Gabon

N/A

The Gambia

✅

Georgia

✅

Allowed only when citizenship is granted to a foreigner by the President.

Germany

✅

Must apply for a retention permit in order to keep German nationality before applying for second citizenship.

Ghana

✅

Greece

✅

Grenada

✅

Guatemala

✅

Dual citizenship allowed as long as the other country allows it too.

Guinea

N/A

Guinea-Bissau

✅

Dual citizenship allowed if emigration occurred for economic reasons.

Guyana

❌

Haiti

✅

Honduras

✅

Dual citizenship allowed if a treaty exists with that country.

Hong Kong

✅

Hungary

✅

Iceland

✅

Dual citizenship allowed if the other country also allows it.

India

❌

Indonesia

❌

Iran

❌

Iraq

✅

Ireland

✅

Israel

✅

Italy

✅

Jamaica

✅

Japan

✅

Dual citizenship allowed until 22 years of age.

Jordan

✅

Kazakhstan

❌

Kenya

✅

Kiribati

❌

North Korea

❌

North Macedonia

✅

South Korea

✅

Kosovo

✅

Kuwait

❌

Kyrgyzstan

✅

Laos

❌

Laos

❌

Latvia

✅

Lebanon

✅

Lesotho

✅

Dual citizenship allowed until 21 years of age.

Liberia

✅

Dual citizenship allowed until age of maturity.

Lybia

❌

Liechtenstein

❌

Lithuania

✅

Dual citizenship allowed only in certain circumstances.

Luxembourg

✅

Macau

✅

Madagascar

❌

Malawi

✅

Dual citizenship allowed until 22 years of age.

Malaysia

❌

Maldives

❌

Mali

✅

Malta

✅

Marshall Islands

❌

Mauritania

❌

Mauritius

✅

Mexico

✅

Micronesia

✅

Dual citizenship allowed until 18 years of age.

Moldova

✅

Moldova

✅

Monaco

❌

Mongolia

❌

Montenegro

❌

Dual citizenship allowed only if a bilateral treaty exists with the other country.

Morocco

✅

Mozambique

❌

Myanmar, Burma

❌

Namibia

✅

Dual citizenship allowed only for Namibian citizens by birth.

Nauru

✅

Nepal

❌

Netherlands

❌

Dual citizenship allowed if you were born in another country and thus acquired nationality, or lived there as a minor, or if you automatically acquired your spouse’s nationality.

New Zealand

✅

Nicaragua

✅

Niger

✅

Nigeria

✅

Dual citizenship allowed for citizens of Nigeria by birth.

Norway

❌

Dual citizenship allowed if original nationality cannot be renounced.

Oman

❌

Pakistan

✅

Only with the 18 countries with which it has an agreement.

Palau

✅

Dual citizenship allowed until 21 years of age.

Palestinian Territories

N/A

Panama

✅

Papua New Guinea

✅

Paraguay

✅

Multiple citizenship allowed for citizens by birth or descent where international treaties exist.

Peru

✅

Philippines

❌

Poland

✅

Portugal

✅

Qatar

❌

Romania

✅

Russian Federation

✅

Rwanda

❌

Saint Kitts & Nevis

✅

Saint Lucia

✅

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

✅

Samoa

✅

San Marino

❌

Sao Tome and Principe

❌

Sao Tome and Principe

❌

Scotland

✅

Senegal

N/A

Serbia

✅

Seychelles

✅

Sierra Leone

✅

Singapore

❌

Slovakia

❌

Slovenia

✅

Dual citizenship allowed for citizens by birth or descent.

Solomon Islands

✅

Dual citizenship allowed until 18 years of age.

Somalia

✅

South Africa

✅

Dual citizenship allowed only if permission is granted to keep South African citizenship beforehand.

South Sudan

✅

Spain

✅

Dual citizenship allowed if desire to keep Spanish nationality is declared within 3 years of acquiring the foreign nationality.

Sri Lanka

✅

Dual citizenship allowed only if permission is granted to keep South African citizenship beforehand.

Sudan

✅

Suriname

❌

Sweden

✅

Switzerland

✅

Dual citizenship allowed provided the other country does not require forfeiture of original nationality.

Syria

✅

Taiwan

✅

Tajikistan

✅

Dual citizens will only be considered citizens of Tajikistan.

Tanzania

✅

Dual citizenship allowed until 18 years of age.

Thailand

✅

Tibet

✅

Togo

❌

Tonga

✅

Trinidad & Tobago

✅

Dual citizenship allowed only for citizens of Trinidad & Tobago by birth or descent.

Tunisia

✅

Türkiye

✅

Turkmenistan

❌

Tuvalu

N/A

Uganda

✅

Ukraine

❌

United Arab Emirates

✅

United Kingdom

✅

United States

✅

Uruguay

✅

Uzbekistan

❌

Vanuatu

❌

Vanuatuan child born abroad, who obtains the citizenship of the country of birth, is allowed to retain dual citizenship until the age of 18. Then the person must renounce the foreign citizenship or Vanuatuan citizenship will be revoked.

Vatican City

✅

Venezuela

✅

Vietnam

✅

British Virgin Islands

✅

Yemen

✅

Dual citizenship allowed only if prior permission granted.

Zambia

✅

Zimbabwe

✅

Dual citizenship allowed only for citizens by birth.

Frequently asked questions

Questions? Answers.

What are the downsides of dual citizenship?

Which Passport Should Dual Citizens Use?

How does dual citizenship affect taxes?

How do I pass on dual citizenship to my children?

How does one renounce dual citizenship?

Join the future of citizenship.

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